Objective 2:
2) You can identify a substance by its solubility because it is a characteristic property of matter.
3) The factors that affect the solubility of a substance are temperature and pressure.
4) For most solutes, the higher the temperature of the solvent, the faster its rate of dissolving and the greater its solubility.
5) see number 2
Objective 3:
1) Acids are sour to the taste. They are also very corrosive to metals. This means that they will change the color of metals and in some cases make them dissolve. When an acid is put onto litmus paper, it turns the paper red. Acids release hydrogen ions.
2) Bases are slippery to the touch. When a base is put onto litmus paper it turns the paper blue. Bases release hydroxide ions.
3) You can use litmus paper to distinguish whether a substance is an acid or a base because if the substance is an acid then it turns the litmus paper a more red color. If the substance is a base then it will turn the litmus paper a more blue color.
4) You could tell if food contains an acid in it if the food you are eating taste sour.
5) It is wise to spread fertilizer on a garden with gloves on because and acid mixed with fertilizer makes a bomb.
Objective 4:
1) The ion that is found in acids is the hydrogen ion.
2) The kind of ions found when acids and bases are mixed with water are hydrogen ions (acid) and hydroxide ions (base).
3) HNO3 forms H+ and NO3-
4) The pH is lower than 7, then the substance is an acidic. If the pH is higher than 7 than it is a base.
Objective 5:
1) The two parts of digestion are mechanical and chemical.
2) Mechanical digestion is when someone manually breaks down their food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion is when food particles are broken down into smaller pieces by acid in the stomach and also in the small intestine.
3) This affects their digestive process because they can't break up the food into smaller pieces at the beginning before it enters the stomach.
4) The pH in your mouth is around 6-7, so it is usually neutral. The pH in your stomach is around 1-2, so it is a very strong acid. The pH in your intestine is usually around 8, so it is usually a weak base.
5) The pH variation in different parts of the digestive system are important because they do different things to break down the food.
Objective 6:
1) Acid = a compound usually having a sour taste that contains hydrogen ions.
2) Neutralization = A reaction between an acid and a base that neutralizes the pH of the substance.
3) Indicator = A substance that indicates the degree of acidity or basicity of a solution through color changes.
4) Corrosive = A substance having the tendency to be destructive to other substances.
5) Hydroxide Ion = The negatively charged ion of any base in a water solution.
